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Hydrothermal origin of pyrite in the Zawar Pb-Zn deposit, Aravalli Craton: Insights from trace element geochemistry and supervised machine learning algorithms.

Gorai S, Sreenivas B, & Kumar TV. (2026).

JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN GEOPHYSICAL UNION

This study investigated the origin of pyrite in the Zawar Pb-Zn deposit using trace element data (Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Ag, and Sb) obtained by in situ LA-ICP-MS and analyzed through ML. Three algorithms—Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, and AdaBoost—achieved high classification accuracies of 97.24%, 96.93%, and 96.63%, respectively. The results indicate that most pyrite samples have a hydrothermal origin. These findings support previous genetic interpretations and demonstrate that integrating LA-ICP-MS geochemistry with ML is an effective approach for ore genesis studies and mineral exploration.

Fig: Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, and AdaBoost show three classes of pyrites from Zawar deposit as Hydrothermal in nature.

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