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Characterization and health risks of groundwater: insights from AWWQI, EWWQI and TCHI models in Jaipur district, Rajasthan, western India.

MondalNC,TiwariKK.

URBAN WATER JOURNAL

https://doi.org/10.1080/1573062X.2026.2672368 

This scientific article evaluates groundwater quality in the Jaipur district, Rajasthan, Western India, using the Arithmetic Weighted Water Quality Index (AWWQI), Entropy Weighted Water Quality Index (EWWQI), and Total Carcinogenic Hazard Index (TCHI). The AWWQI and EWWQI results indicate that groundwater in several parts of the district is unsuitable for drinking with major pollution hotspots identified. Among these two indices, the EWWQI demonstrates greater sensitivity in delineating groundwater vulnerability zones. In addition, the groundwater is affected by both geogenic and anthropogenic contaminations, primarily due to the elevated nitrate and fluoride concentrations. The TCHI assessment reveals significant non-carcinogenic health risks, particularly for children residing in the southern parts of the district.

Unsafe groundwater uncovered; NGRI mapped hidden contamination hotspots, enabling science-based actions to protect drinking water and public health across India.

Fig:Spatialdistributionmapsof(a)arithmetic,and (b) entropy-based groundwater quality indices illustrated in Jaipur district, Rajasthan [a/ and b/ classified as excellent, good, very poor, poor and unfitfordrinking].

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